Afghans are sitting on lithium minerals valued billons

Kabul - sensational discovery: the U.S. has discovered in Afghanistan, a vast lithium mineral wealth. What does this mean for the Afghan people:

The U.S. has discovered in Afghanistan, an immense mineral wealth.
According to a report of "New York Times" on Monday, the Afghans sit on minerals in the value of a trillion dollars - far more than previously thought, and enough to change the economy of the country completely devastated.

Solution with lithium-air

The battery is the heart of an electric car - and also the number one object of research. Now there are signs of a breakthrough with lithium and air. But it will take until then a little bit.

Hauke ​​Schrieber from the electric car is ready. Models such as Mitsubishi i-MiEV (photo) or Nissan Leaf show that construction and operation represent no more problems. Crucial weak point but are still the batteries: they are too expensive and too hard to allow enough range to have long load times and large temperature sensitivities. Modern lithium-ion batteries, as used for example in leaf weigh 250 kg and more, their energy density of about 170 watt hours per kilogram allows a maximum range of 160 kilometers. That's enough for many drivers though - but only for the second car.

The Karabag Fiat 500E runs with a lithium-polymer battery - including in large-AUTO BILD endurance test. To make the battery-electric car is really suitable for mass production, more powerful batteries need to be developed. After interim solutions such as lithium-polymer (used already in Karabag new 500E), the next generation of batteries produced in lithium-sulfur base. It could allow a range of up to 300 kilometers (see table below). The final breakthrough in battery technology, scientists expect in a good ten years from the lithium-air battery. Here, the cathode is replaced by oxygen from ambient air. The anode is metallic lithium. This makes the battery lighter and more compact.
Read also: The cost of the Nissan Leaf

Rock Tech Lithium: 3D video of the drill and the highlight of the company `s from 2011

Mining - Rock Tech Lithium Inc. is a Canadian company focused on developing its lithium and rare earth projects in Canada. The company owns 100% each of the Georgia Lake project in the Thunder Bay Mining District of NW Ontario, Kapiwak of the project and the Lacorne project in the James Bay region in northern Quebec.

We, the team from the mining scout track, the company now since June 2011. We want to take up again at the end of a brief update of the highlights together, and we thank the management, particularly in Eunho Lee (Chairman & Managing Director) for their cooperation.

Management would not be so single-mindedly pursue the project, so we could inform you readers do not always progress through the company. And I think the Rock Tech Lithium excellently informed its investors that it has not always the case.

Let's talk about the highlights:

Lithium-ion batteries: BMW and Toyota in joint research

BMW electric car lithium-ion battery Toyota
Cleantech News / Munich, Japan. The BMW Group and Toyota Motor Corporation will strategically move closer together. BMW and Toyota announced today that they will jointly operate basic research in the field of lithium-ion battery technology for electric cars. It should go to the lithium-ion batteries, the "next generation". In addition, the BMW Group delivers fuel-saving diesel engines to Toyota Motor Europe. Generally, the companies plan to examine other potential projects in environmentally friendly technologies.

BMW and Toyota want to build better vehicles
"With this step we are joining forces to promote the development of environmental technologies and our innovation leadership in the respective segment," said Norbert Reithofer, Chairman of BMW AG. Akio Toyoda, president of Toyota Motor Corporation, said: "To promote the development of the automotive industry and society, both companies on their extensive knowledge and experience - first with environmentally friendly technologies - bring to the alliance, in order to build more and better vehicles."

The closer cooperation between Toyota and BMW is one of many "elephants marriages" that have emerged just in the field of electric mobility in recent years.

Unusual is that other people want to move about as in the cooperation between Volvo and Siemens, in this case, two OEMs in the automotive industry together. Strategically, the liaison but especially BMW makes sense is to suggest that BMW might also be interested in know-how of the Japanese in the field of hybrid technology. There the Europeans the Japanese car maker Toyota is still lagging behind.

volatility. in mines

Theoretical Stage This stage is created when vapor and liquid mix perfectly and then separate without entraining any drops of liquid into the vapor or retaining any foam in the liquid. Tray Efficiency A tray in a distillation tower will work at some percentage of efficiency compared to a theoretical stage. This is mostly a function of how well the vapor and liquid are mixed on the tray deck, and how well they are then separated. Gauge This is the thickness of metal. The smaller the gauge, the thicker the metal. Twelve gauge is about 0.1 in thick. Mesh This is the number of wires in a filter screen. The bigger the mesh, the finer the filter.
Flange I worked at Amoco Oil for nine years before I found out what is meant by a flange. It's the flat end of a pipe that is used to bolt up to a flange on another piece of piping. Bolts, with nuts at each end, are used to force the flanges together.
Expansion Loop Piping thermally expands as it gets hot. Allowance must be made for the growth in pipe length otherwise the pipe will break by cracking at its welds. We burned down a fractionator at the Good Hope Refinery because of such an omission. Spool Piece Piping is made in sections with flanges at each end.
This makes it easier to replace bad sections of pipe than if the piping sections were welded together though welded pipe is cheaper. Flange Rating Connections on vessels, spool pieces and valves have a pressure rating called a flange rating. This rating can be confusing—for example, a 150 psig flange rating is actually good for about 230 psig design.

lithium rechargeable batteries

Lithium ion batteries are both an established commercial market as well as a field of constant research and crucial for technological leadership. For example, battery duration is an extremely important selling point with almost any portable or handheld electronic device. Notebook computers, digital cameras, mobile phones, PDAs, mp3-players all rely on lithium ion batteries. Ultimately, powerful batteries are needed in vehicles to supplement or even entirely replace combustion engines.
Starting out with an introduction to the fundamentals of lithium ion batteries, this book begins by describing in detail the new materials for all four major uses as cathodes, anodes, separators, and electrolytes. It then goes on to address such critical issues as self-discharge and passivation effects, highlighting lithium ion diffusion and its profound effect on a battery's power density, life cycle and safety issues.
From the contents:

• General Concepts
• Lithium Insertion Materials Having Spinel-Framework Structure for Advanced Batteries
• Overlithiated Li_1+x (Ni_zCo_1-2zMn_z)_1-xO₂ as Positive Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries
• Iron-Based Rare-Metal-Free Cathodes
• Thermodynamics of Electrode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries
• Raman Investigation of Cathode Materials for Lithium Batteries
• Development of Lithium Ion Batteries: From the View Points of Importance of the Electrolytes
• Inorganic Additives and Electrode Interface
• Characterization of Solid Polymer Electrolytes and Fabrication of All Solid-State Lithium Polymer Secondary Batteries
• Thin Film Metal Oxide Electrodes for Lithium Microbatteries
• Research and Development Work on Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries for High-Performance Environmental Vehicles
  

The monograph concludes with a detailed chapter on lithium ion battery use in hybrid electric vehicles.
Invaluable reading for materials scientists, electrochemists, physicists, and those working in the automobile and electrotechnical industries, as well as those working in computer hardware and the semiconductor industry.

Lithium The Elements

Review on Lithium (The Elements) by Tom Jackson. This book is part of "The Elements" series and gives us a brief introduction to the metal Lithium and its properties. The book is suited for entry level readers to chemistry.